The relining of a landscape by Rubens, previously transferred to cheesecloth and two layers of fabric with glue-starch adhesive is described. Because of the sensitivity of the painting to moisture a wax facing was used. After removal of the two lining fabrics, the painting was attached to linen with wax-relining mixture by ironing from the front through paper. After mechanical removal of excess wax from the front, solvent removal of the old barnish, and attachment of a paper facing with paste, the painting was turned over and ironed from the reverse.